The impact of COVID-19 on the organisation of consular administration in terms of lessons learned from repatriation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54200/kt.v1i2.14Keywords:
repatriation, consular protection, European public administration, EU Civil Protection MechanismAbstract
COVID-19 has an impact on all aspects of life, sometimes literally paralysing it. This is one of the ways in which governments around the world responded to the outbreak by closing borders in response to the dynamic spread of the infection.On 17 April 2020, 17 Schengen states notified the European Commission of the reintroduction of border controls. The closures were the real test of the EU's consular protection policy, as a large number of EU citizens were stranded in third countries where their return was hampered, if not impossible. The question arises as to how consular protection cooperation under EU rules has fared. This study examines the issue by looking at the lessons learned from the implementation of consular protection measures to assist EU citizens stranded in third countries in their repatriation. It seeks to provide an answer in the light of the statistics available in this respect and the legislation that has been adopted since then, and to make a prognosis: the common consular protection policy is operational from the point of view of repatriation, but its effectiveness needs to be improved, for which the first legislative developments were made in the heat of the moment.
References
Antoniadis, A., Schütze, R., Spaventa, E. (2011). The European Union and Global Emergencies. A Law and Policy Analysis. Hart Publishing. doi: https://doi.org/10.54648/cola2013066
Becánics A. (2018). A konzuli védelem „európaizálódása” - válsághelyzetekben biztosított segítségnyújtás az uniós polgárok számára. Jog, állam, politika, 10(2) 150-151
Carta, C., Duke, S. (2015). Inside the European External Action Service’s Institutional Sinews: an Institutional and Organisational Analysis. In Rosa Balfour - Caterina Cara and Kristi Raik (Szerk.), The European External Ation Service and National Foreign Ministries. Convergence or Divergence? Ashgate.
Csatlós E. (2019). A konzuli védelem európai közigazgatása: az együttműködések szervezeti és eljárásjoga az uniós polgár konzuli védelemhez való jogának tükrében. Iurisperitus
Csatlós E. (2017). Konzuli hatósági együttműködések az Európai Unió égisze alatt. Eljárásjogi Szemle, 2(2) 23-28
Csatlós, E. (2019). EU ETD: Towards a New Chapter in EU Citizens’ Rights and a Better Administrative Cooperation. International Law Review, 10(2) 70; 72-74
Csatlós E. (2018). A konzuli védelem európai közigazgatási szervezete. Pro Futuro, 8(1), 61-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.26521/profuturo/2018/1/4542
Csatlós, E.: The EU ETD Directive and the Development of EU Administrative Procedural Law Theoretical Remarks. Jogelméleti Szemle, 2021/1. 10
Faro, S., Moraru M. (2012). Comparative Analysis of Legislation and Practice on Consular Protection and Assistance of the 27 EU Countries, In S. Faro, M. P. Chiti, E. Schweighofer (Szerk.), European Citizenship and Consular Protection, New Trends in European Law and National Law. Editoriale Scientifi
Frisell, E. Hagström, Oredsson, M. (2006). Building Crisis Management Capacity in the EU. FOI – Swedish Defence Research Agency.
Gerencsér B. Sz. Összehasonlító és európai uniós közigazgatási jog. Pázmány Press.
Gross, E. (2011). The Europeanisation of National Foreign Policy. Continuity and Change in European Crisis management. Palgrave Macmillan. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2009.02047_12.x
Helly, Damien et al. (2014). A closer look into EU’s external action frontline. Framing the challenges ahead for EU Delegations. European Centre for Development and Policy Management, Briefing Note.
Kozłowski, K. (2020). Pending the Implementation of Article 23 TFEU and Article 35 TEU – Still Incomplete Right of EU Citizens to Diplomatic and Consular Protection, Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 29(5) 153-163
Kuijper, P. Jan et al. (2015). The Law of EU External Relations. Cases, Materials and Commentary on the EU as an International Legal Actor. Oxford University Press.
Larik, J. (2011). Operation Atalanta and the Protection of EU Citizens: Civis Europa-eus Unheeded? Perspectives on Federalism, 3(2) 50-59
Lequesne, C. (2015). At the Centre of Coordination: Staff, Resources and Procedures in the European External Action Service and in the Delegations. In R. Balfour, C. Carta, K. Raik (Szerk.), The European External Action Service and National Foreign Ministries. Convergence or Divergence? Ashgate.
Lindström, M. (2009). EU Consular Cooperation in Crisis Situations. In S. Olsson (Szerk.), Crisis Management in the European Union. Springer, Cooperation in the Face of Emergencies. Springer doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00697-5_6
Morsut, C., Kruke, B. Ivar (2020). Europeanisation of Civil Protection: the Cases of Italy and Norway. International Public Management Review, 20(1) 23-37
Parker, C. F., Persson, T., Widmalm, S. (2019). The Effectiveness of National and EU-level Civil Protection Systems: Evidence from 17 Member States. Journal of European Public Policy, 26(9) 1313-1314. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2018.1523219
E., Riaan (2020). Diplomatic and Consular Protection with Special Reference to Article 46 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Laws, 9(4) 8-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/laws9040032
Torma A., Ritó E. (2021). Az EU intézményrendszer és működés XXI. századi sajátosságai magyar közjogi nézőpontból. KözigazgatásTudomány, 1(1) 107-113
Vincze A, Chronowski N. (2018). Magyar alkotmányosság az európai integrációban. Harmadik átdolgozott, bővített kiadás. HVG-ORAC.
Widmalm, S., Parker, C. F., Persson, T. (2019). Civil Protection Cooperation in the European Union. How Trust and Administrative Culture Matter for Crisis Management. Palgrave Macmillan. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02858-9
Zdobnoh, D. (2018). Competition between Articles 290 and 291 TFEU: what are these two articles about? In E. Tauschinsky W. Weiss: (Szerk.), The Legislative Choice between Delegated and Implementing Acts in E Law. Walking a Labyrinth. Edgar Elgar doi: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788115230.00008
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Erzsébet Csatlós
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
